Lead smelting is a crucial step in the lead battery recycling process, which involves the extraction of lead from used batteries and the recycling of this lead for use in new batteries or other industrial applications.
How is lead paste melted?
Subsequently, lead paste was washed, burdened with Fe-Si-Ca-Na materials (iron scrap, limestone and soda ash) and then melted down in furnace. Oxygen and compressed air are mixed in a certain proportion and are pumped into the molten pool.
The lead acid battery plate pasting stage involves applying active material to the grid. The grid acts as both a mechanical support and an electrical conductor. This step creates the plate. The plate is the main component of a lead-acid battery. There are two ways to combine grids and active material as necessary:
Can lead paste be recycled from spent lead acid battery under vacuum?
Conclusions A research investigation for recycling lead from lead paste in the spent lead acid battery under vacuum has been developed in this work.
What are the components of spent lead acid battery?
There are four main components in spent lead acid battery: polymeric containers, lead alloy grids, waste acids and pastes. Among them, the pastes mainly comprise lead oxide (∼9%), lead dioxide (∼28%), lead sulfate (∼60%) and a small amount of lead (∼3%) (Zhu et al., 2012a).
How is lead paste desulfurized?
Lead paste was firstly desulfurized with sodium carbonate, in the meanwhile lead sulfate was converted into lead carbonate and the form of lead metal and lead oxides remained unchanged, and then the desulfurized lead paste was reduced by charcoal under vacuum.
How is battery paste reduced to PB?
Battery paste consisting of Pb oxides and sulphates is carbothermically reduced to Pb, by the following reactions in either a single-batch rotary furnace or a continuous smelting furnace such as Reverberatory, Blast or Isasmelt/Aussmelt. Temperatures of at least 1500 °C are necessary to reduce PbSO 4 to form Pb, PbS and SO 2.